c - How to connect pins on Atmega32 to 4 bit LCD so this code works -

i have code want fiddle with, analyze learn m ore it. suppose make atmega32 operate lcd display without use of proper libraries.

i'm new - i'm trying figure out through pins should controller connected (i mean, 4 data pins, en , rs). , need this.

here comes code:

#define f_cpu 16000000ul #include <avr/io.h> #include <avr/delay.h>  void wait_ms(int del) { (int i=0; i<del; i++) {  _delay_ms(1);   } }  void lcd_command(int c) {  int d; d=c; portb = c >> 4;  portd = 0x01; wait_ms(1); portd = 0x00; wait_ms(1); portb = d;  portd = 0x01; wait_ms(1); portd = 0x00; wait_ms(1); }  void lcd_char(char c) {  char d; d=c; portb = (c & 0xf0) >> 4;  portd = 0x03; wait_ms(1); portd = 0x02; wait_ms(1); portb = d & 0x0f;  portd = 0x03; wait_ms(1); portd = 0x02; wait_ms(1); }  void lcd_text(char *s) { while (*s) {  lcd_char(*s);  s++; }  }   void lcd_ir(void) { portd = 0x01; wait_ms(1); portd = 0x00; wait_ms(1); }  void lcd_init(void) {  wait_ms(20);  lcd_command(0x03);  lcd_command(0x03);  lcd_command(0x03);  lcd_command(0x02);  lcd_command(0x28);  lcd_command(0x01);  lcd_command(0x06);  lcd_command(0x0f);  }   int main(void) {  ddrb = 0xff; ddrd = 0xff;  lcd_init(); char s[10];   //lcd_char('t'); //char w = "zmienna";    lcd_text(s);    while (1); } 

once have , running able figure out go this. need push.

oh - i'm working kamami board lcd installed on (just need connect pins). hope know i'm talking about.

you didn't give enough information in question you. there many kamani boards , several lcd screens. didn't see avr board lcd, though. code work on such board?

anyway, can see code looking @ it.

portb seems 4-bit data bus. portb = (c & 0xf0) >> 4; sends high bits of c on pins portb0:3. later, portb = c & 0x0f; sends out low bits.

portd pins 0 , 1 seem clock , command bits. (maybe labelled en , rs, doubt it.) portd0 toggled between 0 , 1 @ correct times. portd1 0 command, , 1 data.

you should find datasheet lcd display using, , see if uses 4-bit data , clock , command pins. read number off device , search on internet.